BIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND - GA

All living organisms consist of cells. In each cell there is the same set of chromosomes. Chromosomes are strings of DNA and serves as a model for the whole organism. A chromosome's characteristic is determined by the genes. Each gene has several forms or alternatives which are called alleles, producing differences in the set of characteristics associated with that gene. The set of chromosome is called the genotype, which defines a phenotype (the individual) with certain fitness.

During reproduction, first occurs recombination (or crossover). Genes from parents form in some way the whole new chromosome. The new created offspring can then be mutated. Mutation means, that the elements of DNA are a bit changed. These changes are mainly caused by errors in copying genes from parents. The fitness of an organism is measured by success of the organism in its life. According to Darwinian Theory the highly fit individuals are given opportunities to “reproduce” whereas the least fit members of the population are less likely to get selected for reproduction, and so “die out”.
Comparison of Natural and GA Terminology

Natural	Genetic Algorithm
Chromosomes	Strings
Gene	Character
Allele	Feature value
Locus	String Position
Genotype and Phenotype	Population and Parameter set

References:
Book Reference: David Edward Goldberg (1989), “Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning” Addison-Wesley

Genetic Algorithms, “http://www.tjhsst.edu/~ai/AI2001/GA.HTM”
Related Posts:

• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• JOB SHOP SCHEDULING
• Search Methods and Optimization Techniques
• Genetic Algorithm
• Mechanism
• History

Table of Contents
© 2006 Kumaravel & Project Team

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